Use this stuff:
Lotil, it really is excellent and it's not too greasy and won't leave you with a sticky residue on your hands. You should be applying it several times a day, and making sure you rub it in really well, especially around the cuticles. If you can stick a wee drop on every time you wash your hands you'll notice a difference. Make sure you wash your hands clean of chalk as soon as possible after you climb, and slap more cream on.
Depending on how camp you like looking a really good thing for your hands is to get some cotton gloves to wear overnight a couple of times a week, slather loads of cream on, or even better, some cuticle oil - you'll get it in any chemist, Solar Oil or OPI are good, but a lot of the own brand ones will do the job too - then put the gloves on and go to bed. The heat will help the cream/oil to sink in and the gloves will stop it rubbing off right away on the sheets, you will look silly though.

Another thing is do not file down the nails too far, I am assuming from the picture that you file your nails, which is good, but don't file them down a lot, so, for example, in your case, don't file right down the side, filing encourages the nail to lift away from the skin more. Also, are you picking your cuticles when they get dry and start to peel? Don't, it'll make it worse. If you are getting lots of loose ends which are catching or painful or just annoying use some
cuticle nippers to snip the straggly end off rather than just pulling it, if you don't want to buy them use normal nail clippers to catch the edge and chop it off.
That's about all I can think of for now, it's hard to be more specific without actually seeing your nails in person. Johnny may have a point, it could be something fungal, although it doesn't look quite cracked and sore enough to me, again, can't say for sure without seeing it up close, I would have thought it would be more sore and red if it was an infection of sorts though. I would have a go with intensive moisturising, careful filing and no picking and see how you get on, if it doesn't help at all then it might be fungal and need treating.
Tea tree oil will be good for anti germy fungal stuff too, if you want to stick some of that on, just be careful, it will hurt like hell if the skin is broken and technically you're not meant to use it neat, although I do.